Ductile Iron Data Sheet ASTM A536 65-45-12
on February 10, 2016Ductile Iron ASTM A536
Ductile Iron ASTM A536 Grade 65-45-12 (Related Standards-SAE J434C D4512; ISO 1083 400-12)
ASTM A536 65-45-12 is a nodular iron with a ferritic and pearlitic microstructure and mechanical properties comparable to low alloy steels. It has graphite spheroids surrounded by ferrite. Interspersed between ferrite grains is pearlite. A typical ratio of ferrite to pearlite is 70:30. This ratio will provide good mechanical results and a hardness range of 170 – 207 BHN. The microstructure of this alloy confers many benefits to it, allowing engineers to replace low-carbon steel with 65-45-12 ductile iron. Among these benefits are excellent machinability, good ductility, good impact properties, excellent compressive strength, good shear strength and good torsional strength. Keep in mind that ductile iron 65-45-12 is one grade in a family of many.
Chemistry requirements are not specified in the ASTM A536 standard. Chemistry and hardness listed in this spec would be typical for a Grade 65-45-12.
Composition of ASTM A536 65 – 45 – 12
|
|
C |
Mn |
Si |
Cr |
Ni |
Cu |
Mg |
|
Min% |
3.4 |
|
2.35 |
|
|
|
0.025 |
|
Max% |
3.8 |
0.4 |
2.75 |
0.08 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.055 |
Physical and Mechanical Properties of ASTM A536 65 – 45 – 12
|
UTS (psi) |
65000 |
|
YS (psi) |
45000 |
|
%Elongation |
12% |
|
Hardness |
|
|
Density lb/in3 (g/cm3) |
0.256(7.1) |
|
Thermal Conductivity Btu/hr·ft·F (W/m·K) |
250(36) for Ferritic grades, will change with an increase in pearlite, approx. 20% less |
|
Specific Heat at 70F Btu/lb·F (J/Kg·k) |
0.110(461) |
|
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion Ɛ/F(Ɛ/C)X106 average between 68-212F |
6.4 (11.5) |
|
Melting Temperature (F) |
2100 F |
|
Compressive Strength Ksi (MPa) |
429 (2960) |
Impact Properties
Ductile Iron impact properties are microstructure dependent. If charpy impact testing is required for the engineering design, consider using a fully ferritic ductile iron grade with a higher % elongation. The ISO 1083 standard specifies charpy values for low temperature applications.
The Ductile Iron Advantage
Ductile Iron can be easily cast and machined. It has great vibration damping and corrosion resistance properties. Ductile Iron has a great strength to weight ratio, and can be made for a much lower cost than steel. One of the reasons for this lower cost can be attributed to the gross material being used is less for casting ductile iron vs steel.
When considering a conversion from a fabrication to a casting consider using ductile iron for the reasons listed above: castability, machining, close to steel strengths and costs.
Typical Applications for ASTM A536 Grade 65 – 45 – 12 Ductile Iron
| Industry | Parts |
|---|---|
| Industrial Brakes | Calipers, bases, rotors |
| Winch | Cable drums, gears, brake housings, end caps |
| Wind Energy | Gears |
| Automotive | Steering knuckles, suspension arms |
| Pumping | Volutes, impellers |
| Oil and Gas | Brake pads, stuffing boxes, gears, compressor heads, manifolds, valves, pistons, cylinder blocks |
| Lumber | Rollers, connecting links, pulleys |
| Transportation / Power Transmission | Sprockets, gears, couplers, gear boxes, generators |
| Mining | Ball mill inching hubs, frames |
